Preparation process of antimony ore to antimony trioxide powder
Antimony, as an important strategic metal, is widely used in many fields. The preparation of antimony ore to antimony trioxide powder requires multiple complex and professional processes.
The main component of antimony ore is stibnite (Sb2S3), which requires high-temperature desulfurization in a rotary furnace. The ore is roasted at 800-1000ºC and limited air is introduced. Sulfur is oxidized to SO2 gas and escapes, resulting in antimony oxide powder rich in antimony oxide. This step achieves antimony and sulfur separation, laying the foundation for subsequent metal reduction.
The antimony ore powder after desulfurization is then sent to the high-temperature reduction smelting link. A reducing agent is added to the rotary furnace, and antimony oxide is reduced under high temperature conditions of about 1200ºC, and crude antimony is finally produced. Because crude antimony contains impurities, it needs to be melted and cast into antimony anode plates in order to enter the electrolytic refining stage. In the electrolytic cell, the antimony anode plate is used as the anode, and electrolysis is carried out under a specific electrolyte system. During this process, the antimony at the anode dissolves into the electrolyte, while elements such as silver and gold remain in the anode mud. It is worth mentioning that the anode mud can further recover valuable elements such as silver and gold. At the same time, high-purity antimony is precipitated at the cathode to form cathode antimony, which is then smelted and cast again to finally be made into high-purity antimony ingots.
To produce the key product Sb2O3 powder, high-purity antimony ingots need to undergo remelting and high-temperature evaporation oxidation. The antimony ingot is melted in a special oxidation furnace (~1000ºC), and the molten antimony is violently volatilized and oxidized in a high-temperature, strongly oxidizing atmosphere (air or oxygen-rich air). The generated gaseous Sb2O3 is rapidly condensed into fine cubic Sb2O3 powder in the quenching zone (such as bag dust collection). This process requires precise control of temperature, atmosphere and condensation rate to obtain flame-retardant products with uniform particle size, high whiteness and excellent reactivity.
The entire preparation process has extremely strict requirements on process parameters, from temperature control of pyrometallurgy to current and voltage regulation of electrolytic refining, to optimization of reaction conditions of high-temperature evaporation and oxidation, each link affects the quality and purity of the final product. Only by accurately controlling each link can we prepare antimony trioxide powder that meets high standards and meets the needs of industries such as electronics, chemicals, and flame retardant materials.
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